N4 grammar
N4-level grammar points, each linking to an existing explanation on Tae Kim's guide, Imabi, or Tofugu. The explanations live on those sites; this page only indexes what each point is and where to read about it. See docs/sources for why these sources and not others.
Progress tracking isn't available in this browser, so the checkboxes below are disabled. A passive form used to express being negatively affected by an event, even an intransitive one. Combines causative and passive to express being made to do something against one’s will. A general-purpose conditional form, often used for general truths and advice. A conditional form also used for sequential time (“when/after”), the most flexible of the four. Marks a condition that leads to an inevitable or automatic result. A conditional based on a premise or topic already introduced, distinct from the other three. Verbs for giving and receiving, whose choice depends on who is giving to whom. Attach to a verb’s て-form to express trying an action out. Expresses wanting to do something, or wanting an object. Double-negative constructions expressing obligation, "must do" something. Used to define, rephrase, or quote something, one of the most common intermediate patterns. Attach to a verb stem to say an action is easy or hard to perform. A set of expressions for stating how certain something is, from possible to expected. Approximate amount and degree expressions. Expressions for logical conclusions and expectations based on reasoning. Common casual speech patterns and contractions (じゃん, ってば, なんか) heard in everyday Japanese.Passive and causative
Conditionals
Requests, desire, and obligation
Describing and reasoning